{"id":1743,"date":"2017-08-03T06:00:52","date_gmt":"2017-08-03T04:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.m-q.ch\/?p=1743"},"modified":"2017-08-16T14:24:49","modified_gmt":"2017-08-16T12:24:49","slug":"definition-fiable-du-mouvement-propre-des-satellites-endommages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.m-q.ch\/fr\/definition-fiable-du-mouvement-propre-des-satellites-endommages\/","title":{"rendered":"Les satellites sont en panne : D\u00e9finir de mani\u00e8re fiable la motion appropri\u00e9e"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Le radar d'observation spatiale TIRA du Fraunhofer FHR. (\u00a9 Photo Fraunhofer FHR)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

Les satellites endommag\u00e9s ne sont pas seulement des d\u00e9bris spatiaux, ils repr\u00e9sentent un grand danger pour les objets volants en circulation. L'ancien satellite environnemental ENVISAT est l'un des plus grands v\u00e9hicules spatiaux jamais catapult\u00e9s en orbite par l'Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne (ESA). Ce satellite environnemental de 2,3 milliards d'euros et de huit tonnes a \u00e9t\u00e9 lanc\u00e9 en 2002 et continuera \u00e0 fournir un service fiable jusqu'en 2012 - en surveillant le climat, les oc\u00e9ans et les zones terrestres de notre plan\u00e8te. Le contact avec le satellite ENVISAT sera alors perdu.<\/p>\n

Le satellite d'observation de la Terre vole sur une orbite basse \u00e0 une altitude d'environ 800 km - une r\u00e9gion de l'orbite terrestre o\u00f9 la densit\u00e9 de population des objets spatiaux est \u00e9lev\u00e9e. \"Les d\u00e9bris spatiaux sont un probl\u00e8me majeur dans les voyages spatiaux \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de la Terre. Le vol d\u00e9sormais incontr\u00f4l\u00e9 d'ENVISAT repr\u00e9sente un danger quotidien de collisions avec des satellites et des engins spatiaux en activit\u00e9\", souligne le Dr. Delphine Cerutti-Maori, porte-parole de la division Espace du Fraunhofer FHR. \"En outre, il existe un risque potentiel suppl\u00e9mentaire, car les collisions peuvent contribuer \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux d\u00e9bris, qui \u00e0 leur tour pourraient entrer en collision avec d'autres objets - un dangereux effet boule de neige\".<\/p>\n

\"D\u00e9sorbitation\" avec m\u00e9thode<\/strong><\/p>\n

Afin de faire face \u00e0 la situation de la bonne mani\u00e8re, l'ESA recherche actuellement des solutions pour placer ENVISAT sur une orbite plus basse et lui permettre enfin de se consumer dans l'atmosph\u00e8re terrestre de mani\u00e8re contr\u00f4l\u00e9e et s\u00fbre. Cependant, ces missions dites de \"d\u00e9sorbitation\" ne peuvent r\u00e9ussir que si le mouvement de rotation du satellite est correctement d\u00e9termin\u00e9 au pr\u00e9alable. Ce n'est qu'alors que l'on peut d\u00e9terminer la m\u00e9thode de capture du satellite. \"Notre radar d'observation spatiale TIRA combine un radar d'imagerie en bande Ku et un radar de poursuite de cible en bande L\", explique Ludger Leushacke, chef du d\u00e9partement Radar d'observation spatiale au Fraunhofer FHR.<\/p>\n

\"Contrairement aux syst\u00e8mes optiques, notre syst\u00e8me radar offre des avantages d\u00e9cisifs : Une ind\u00e9pendance totale par rapport aux conditions m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques locales, une capacit\u00e9 op\u00e9rationnelle de jour comme de nuit et une r\u00e9solution totalement ind\u00e9pendante de la distance de l'objet. De plus, nous pouvons d\u00e9terminer la vitesse de rotation des objets \u00e0 rotation rapide comme ENVISAT et des objets \u00e0 rotation lente\", explique le chef du d\u00e9partement Radar du Fraunhofer FHR. Les donn\u00e9es radar brutes d'ENVISAT enregistr\u00e9es avec TIRA sont trait\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide de m\u00e9thodes sp\u00e9ciales d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es au Fraunhofer FHR et sont ensuite \u00e9valu\u00e9es.<\/p>\n

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\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Une reconstruction \u00e0 l'\u00e9chelle correcte de l'image radar du satellite ENVISAT (\u00a9 Photo Fraunhofer FHR)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

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Articulation des objets spatiaux<\/em><\/p>\n

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La connaissance exacte du mouvement correct des objets spatiaux est cruciale pour le soutien des missions spatiales. Il permet une assistance et des conseils avis\u00e9s dans les situations d'urgence, soutient une \u00e9valuation concr\u00e8te des dommages et analyse l'orientation des panneaux solaires vers le soleil afin de v\u00e9rifier si l'alimentation \u00e9lectrique n\u00e9cessaire d'un satellite est assur\u00e9e. En outre, il fournit des informations pr\u00e9cieuses et des crit\u00e8res d\u00e9cisifs pour la planification des missions de d\u00e9sorbitation.<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Analyse \u00e0 long terme de l'auto-rotation <\/strong><\/p>\n

Les images radar \u00e0 haute r\u00e9solution sont g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es en utilisant la rotation relative de l'objet observ\u00e9 par rapport au syst\u00e8me radar fixe. L'objet est \u00e9clair\u00e9 sous diff\u00e9rents angles de vue. Cependant, l'\u00e9chelle transversale de l'image radar d\u00e9pend de la vitesse de rotation r\u00e9elle, qui elle-m\u00eame ne peut \u00eatre obtenue qu'\u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es. \"Pour surmonter ce probl\u00e8me d'acquisition d'images, notre \u00e9quipe d'experts a mis au point une m\u00e9thodologie adapt\u00e9e qui utilise des mod\u00e8les filaires des objets pour estimer correctement l'\u00e9chelle crois\u00e9e\", explique M. Cerutti-Maori. \"Pour ce faire, un mod\u00e8le filaire de l'objet est projet\u00e9 manuellement sur diff\u00e9rentes images d'un passage. Le vecteur de rotation de l'objet peut alors \u00eatre estim\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re fiable \u00e0 partir de l'\u00e9volution temporelle des projections sur un passage\".<\/p>\n

Pas de collision <\/strong><\/p>\n

Pour l'analyse de l'\u00e9volution \u00e0 long terme du propre mouvement d'ENVISAT, les observations de la p\u00e9riode allant de 2011, peu avant la rupture du contact, \u00e0 2016 ont \u00e9t\u00e9 utilis\u00e9es. En service r\u00e9gulier, ENVISAT tournait relativement lentement \u00e0 environ 0,06\u00b0\/s, ce qui correspondait \u00e0 une r\u00e9volution par r\u00e9volution de la terre. Peu apr\u00e8s la rupture du contact le 8 avril 2012, on a pu observer une augmentation de la rotation intrins\u00e8que \u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 3\u00b0\/s, soit environ 45 rotations par tour. Cette augmentation de la vitesse de rotation intrins\u00e8que n'indique pas une collision avec d'autres objets, car l'augmentation a \u00e9t\u00e9 progressive et non soudaine, est la conclusion des chercheurs du Fraunhofer FHR.<\/p>\n

Depuis la mi-2013, un ralentissement de la vitesse de rotation a \u00e9t\u00e9 observ\u00e9 : Elle \u00e9tait d'environ 1,6\u00b0\/sec \u00e0 la fin de 2016. \"Nos enqu\u00eates peuvent contribuer de mani\u00e8re significative \u00e0 soutenir un retrait contr\u00f4l\u00e9 de l'ENVISAT endommag\u00e9 \u00e0 l'avenir, si l'ESA d\u00e9cide de le faire\", a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 M. Leushacke.<\/p>\n

www.fhr.fraunhofer.de<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les satellites accident\u00e9s ne sont pas de simples d\u00e9chets spatiaux, ils pr\u00e9sentent de grands dangers pour les objets volants en circulation. L'ancien satellite environnemental ENVISAT est l'un des plus grands engins spatiaux jamais catapult\u00e9s en orbite par l'Agence spatiale europ\u00e9enne (ESA). Lanc\u00e9 en 2002 d\u00e9j\u00e0, le satellite environnemental de 2,3 milliards d'euros et d'environ huit tonnes a assur\u00e9 un service fiable jusqu'en 2012 [...].<\/p>","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":1744,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[3632,3591,3631,3630],"class_list":["post-1743","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-unkategorisiert","tag-de-orbiting","tag-fraunhofer","tag-radartechnik","tag-satelliten"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nHavarierte Satelliten: Eigenbewegung zuverl\u00e4ssig definieren - MQ Management und Qualit\u00e4t<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Das Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenzphysik und Radartechnik FHR zeigt Methoden, um die Eigenrotation von havarierten Satelliten pr\u00e4zise zu ermitteln.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.m-q.ch\/fr\/definir-le-mouvement-propre-des-satellites-fiables-et-disponibles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Havarierte Satelliten: Eigenbewegung zuverl\u00e4ssig definieren - MQ Management und Qualit\u00e4t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Das Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Hochfrequenzphysik und Radartechnik FHR zeigt Methoden, um die Eigenrotation von havarierten Satelliten pr\u00e4zise zu ermitteln.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.m-q.ch\/fr\/definir-le-mouvement-propre-des-satellites-fiables-et-disponibles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"MQ Management und Qualit\u00e4t\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ManagementUndQualitaet\" \/>\n<meta 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